Which statement aligns with Marx's view of social causation?

• A. The economy shapes society
• B. Ideas shape the economy
• C. Morality shapes the state
• D. Culture shapes the law

Answer: (A)

In Marx’s view, the economic structure of a society—the forces and relations of production—determines the form of society as a whole. This base shapes the political system, laws, culture, and prevailing ideas. In practical terms, who owns the means of production and how people work and exchange goods create class relations and material incentives that, in turn, mold institutions and beliefs. Under capitalism, for example, property relations and class conflict help shape laws, the state, and dominant ideologies, because these elements serve and reproduce the economic order.

The other statements invert this causation. Ideas, morality, or culture can reflect or respond to the economic setup, but Marx argues they are shaped by the underlying economic structure rather than driving it.