Which concept identifies an observable condition of a concept when formulating basic research questions?

• A. Operational Definition
• B. Scientific Method
• C. Field Research
• D. Population

Answer: (A)

Operational definitions specify how a concept will be observed and measured in a study. When you formulate basic research questions, you need a concrete way to observe or quantify the concept you're examining. An operational definition names the observable conditions or indicators that represent the concept in data form, making the question answerable with empirical evidence and allowing others to replicate the study. For example, if the concept is social trust, you might operationalize it with survey items about trust in others or observed cooperative behaviors.

The other options refer to broader processes or contexts rather than how a concept is turned into observable, measurable form. The scientific method outlines overall inquiry steps; field research is a data collection approach in natural settings; population refers to who is being studied.