The spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another.

• A. Diffusion
• B. Globalization
• C. Culture lag
• D. Hunter Gatherer

Answer: (A)

Diffusion describes the spread of material culture (tools, technologies, artifacts) and nonmaterial culture (beliefs, norms, practices) from one culture to another. This happens through contact and exchange—trade, migration, travel, media, and imitation—allowing cultural elements to cross boundaries and be adopted or adapted by others. Globalization is related but broader, focusing on the increasing interconnectedness of the world and often involving diffusion as a mechanism; the question zeroes in on the specific process of cultural spread. Culture lag refers to the mismatch between changed material conditions and slower-changing nonmaterial norms, not the transfer itself. A hunter-gatherer is a type of society, not a process of cultural diffusion.