A way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors.

• A. Ideal Culture
• B. Real Culture
• C. Sanctions
• D. Symbols

Answer: (C)

Sanctions are the mechanisms by which a society enforces norms by rewarding conformity or punishing deviation. They can be formal, such as laws, official penalties, and organizational rules, or informal, like praise, approval, or social ostracism. This combination makes sanctions the means by which behaviors are authorized (through positive sanctions) or disapproved (through negative sanctions) within a structured social system, helping to maintain order and guide acceptable conduct.

Ideal culture refers to the values a society says it holds, not the enforcement method. Real culture is what people actually do, which may differ from the ideals. Symbols are signs with shared meaning, not a system for approving or disapproving behavior.